Lalitha, widow and single mother at 18, who became India’s first woman engineer

18-year-old widow who had a four-month-old daughter

Born in a middle-class family in Madras on 27 August, 1919, Lalitha got married in 1934, when she was just 15. After completing SSLC, Lalitha put an end to her studies to take care of her family. Her daughter Syamala was born in 1937. Lalitha’s husband died when Syamala was only four months old.

An 18-year-old widow with a four-month-old daughter, Lalitha returned to her parents. Lalitha’s father, Pappu Subbarao, a professor in the College of Engineering (CEG), Guindy, was a go-getter and a visionary. The man was persistent in his efforts to educate his daughter.

In order to be self-sufficient, Lalitha too wanted to get a professional degree. With support from her family, Lalitha studied at the Queen Mary’s College in Madras and cleared the intermediate exam.

A pioneer who followed in her father’s footsteps

Though medicine had a greater appeal for Lalitha, she wasn’t sure of devoting time and energy to complete the rigours of medical studies. She chose engineering instead, which allowed her the time to care for her infant daughter.

Yet, technical education was in its nascent stage in India for Indians then, and a taboo for women. No woman was known to have enrolled in an engineering course. Lalitha’s father Pappu wouldn’t sit back and he put up a special request to the then Principal of CEG Guindy, Dr KC Chacko, that his daughter be permitted to take up an engineering course.

A reluctant Chacko referred the peculiar request to Sir RM Statham, then director for public instruction, for his perusal. Statham was more open to women entering the technical institute and accorded permission. Following in the footsteps of her father and brothers, Lalitha took up electrical engineering.

First woman engineer from India

Degree certificate of Lalitha. ‘He’ has been crossed out and ‘She’ has been written on the certificate (Shantha R Mohan)

There was no other woman student in the college. Her father was pragmatic and thought of a unique solution for his daughter’s loneliness. He put up an advertisement in a newspaper, inviting women to take up engineering courses! The ploy worked: Two more women joined CEG, PK Thressia and Leelamma George. They were intent on taking up civil engineering, while Lalitha stuck to her choice of electrical.

College days became more bearable with company and Lalitha excelled in her studies. She completed engineering with honours in September 1943 and became the country’s first woman engineer!

A government ruling was in place from 1930–31 that required electrical engineers to study for four years on campus and one year to be spent on practical training. As the final requirement for the degree, Lalitha underwent a one-year apprenticeship at the Jamalpur Railway Workshop.

Worked on Bhakra Nangal dam project

She joined the Central Standards Organisation, Simla, in 1944 as a research assistant. Lalitha chose this job as it allowed her to raise her daughter Syamala with the help of a sister-in-law who lived there.

A Lalitha (left) at the 1964 New York World’s Fair during the First International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists. Second from right is N Sainani, a Canadian delegate of Indian origin (Shantha R Mohan/Society of Women Engineers National Records, Walter P. Reuther Library and Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University)

She quit the job and helped her father with his electrical engineering research, before joining Associated Electrical Industries, Calcutta, in 1948. As part of the new job, she even worked on the Bhakra Nangal Dam project.

Invited to the First International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists (ICWES) in New York that took place in June 1964, Lalitha attended in her personal capacity and spoke about increasing the participation of women in science.

The first woman engineer from India retired in 1977 and pursued her passion of travel with her sister. She died in 1979, aged just 60.

(The author wishes to acknowledge the book by Shantha Mohan, ‘Roots and Wings: Inspiring Stories of Indian Women in Engineering’, which was helpful in the preparation of this article)